2: Income tax &
profits
In the United States of America, income received is taxable.
Not gross sales, but income which is based on profits for the year. Profits are dollars
received (gross sales) minus expenses paid (written off) and some other factors too.
Expenses should
be written off in the tax year the crowd funded project ends. Most expenses for miniature crowd funding
projects include mold work, metal ingots, sculptures, crowd funding fees,
packaging material and shipping charges.
If a project
raises funds and the end product does not ship in the same year, then additional
expenses such as shipping charges for example, will have to be written off in the following
fiscal year. Unfortunately, higher taxes will be owed the year the crowd funded project ends and possibly more shipping expenses too as rates tend to increase from year to year.
Let’s break down
the costs per basic pledge using my KS as an example.
$30 pledge for customers in the USA = 20 miniatures plus stretch
goals and free shipping.
Metal costs by weight = $ 7.50
Zip baggies to organize contents x 11 = $ .55
Plastic bases x 25 = $
.75
Printed invoice and shipping label ink/paper = $ .05
10% KS took when project ended = $3.00
Shipping charge USPS.com online = $5.20
Chipboard boxes x 2 = $ .32
Packaging tape = $ .10
Costs = $17.47 against a $30 pledge in the USA is a potential profit of $12.53
I can now apply that profit toward other expenses not listed such as
molds and sculptures. I conduct business as an S-Corporation which means I'm self-employed, my time is not a factor
in the eyes of the IRS, just my expenses, with my end profit for the year equaling
my personal income.
Here are two examples
of how expenses for a project spent in the same and different year can affect profits and put a crowdfunded project in jeopardy.
Example 1 (Same year): In 2014, you take in $10,000 and your
expenses are $5,000. You pay income tax
based on $5,000 profit ( 10-5=5 ). Let’s estimate 25% income tax owed ($1,250) on the profit leaving you with $3,750 remaining.
Example 2 (following year): However, if half of your expenses are
received in 2014 and the other half in a later fiscal year, you’ll pay more
against profits. This new example is
$10,000 received and $2,500 in expenses for 2014, with an additional $2,500 in expenses in the following year ( 10-2.5=7.5 ). Your profit for 2014 is now $7,500 x 25% and
you owe the IRS $1,875. That is $625 less
that you have to work with for your crowd funding project. You'll still be able to write off additional expenses in the following year specifically for that year, but how easily the money evaporates from a project putting it at risk of completion.
Scale the pledges up to $100,000 using example 2 and your looking at $6,250 less to work with and possibly a higher tax bracket of 28% or more.
Your tax bracket, or the percentage you pay the IRS on income depends on if you are filing as an individual or married couple. Rates are available online, but change from year to year. Again, if you finish the project in the year the pledges end, you'll know the tax bracket percentage, exact shipping costs, and your budget will be sound.
Pledgers: Watch out
for projects that are scheduled to ship in the following year.
Crowdfunders: Start
your project off early in the year to generate as many expenses against your
gross sales so you can reduce any amount owed to the IRS. A project that breaks even or takes a loss
could mean no money owed and possibly a refund. Consult an accountant to see what type of business you should file under that would best benefit you.
Next week: Metal vs.
Resin
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